Bangladesh's climate means heat illness is a year-round risk, peaking during the summer months when temperatures regularly exceed 38°C with high humidity. Heat stroke — the most severe form of heat illness — is a medical emergency. Knowing the warning signs and how to respond can prevent permanent organ damage or death.
Heat Exhaustion vs Heat Stroke
Heat exhaustion is the warning stage. Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, cold and pale skin, a fast but weak pulse, nausea, and possible fainting. At this stage, the body is still trying to cool itself. Move the person to a cool, shaded place, have them lie down and elevate their legs, apply cool wet cloths, and encourage them to sip water slowly.
Heat stroke is when the body's cooling system fails entirely. Core temperature exceeds 40°C. Sweating may stop. The skin becomes hot and red. The person may be confused, slurring words, or unconscious. This is a life-threatening emergency — call 999 immediately.
Emergency Response for Heat Stroke
While waiting for emergency services: move the person out of the sun immediately, remove excess clothing, and cool them as rapidly as possible. The fastest safe method is to apply ice packs or cold wet towels to the neck, armpits, and groin where major blood vessels are close to the skin. If available, misting with cool water and fanning dramatically speeds cooling. Do not give fluids to someone who is confused or unconscious.
Who Is Most at Risk?
Outdoor labourers, elderly people, young children, and anyone working in a kitchen or factory with poor ventilation face the highest risk. Certain medications — including diuretics, antihistamines, and some psychiatric drugs — impair the body's ability to regulate temperature. During heat waves, check on elderly neighbours and ensure children are not left in parked vehicles.
Prevention
Drink at least 2–3 litres of water daily during hot weather even if you do not feel thirsty. Avoid alcohol and excessive caffeine. Wear loose, light-coloured, breathable clothing. Schedule outdoor work and exercise for the early morning or evening. Use fans, seek air-conditioned spaces, and take cool showers.